高中英语人教版高二必修《Discovering Useful Structures》PPT课件

DiscoveringUsefulStructures,一、概述：英语句子的基本语序是主语在前、谓语动词在后（thenaturalorder），当语序颠倒时就成了倒装结构（theinvertedorder）。把谓语的全部放在主语之前称为完全倒装；而只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装。基本语序NaturalOrderIloveEnglish.subject(主)+predicate(谓)+object(宾),倒装的分类1.部分倒装：主语与助动词/情态动词/系动词倒装结构：助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词NeverhaveIheardsuchathing.=Ihaveneverheardsuchathing.2.全部倒装：主语与谓语动词倒装结构：谓语动词+主语Downfelltherain.=Therainfelldown,全部倒装句here,there,now,then,out，away,up,down等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等。当其主语为名词时，通常要使用倒装。例如：a.Theregoesthebell.b.Thencamethechairman.c.Hereisyourletter.d.Awaywenttheboytotheschool.e.Offgoesthewoman,注意：上述全部倒装句型结构中的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent,2.以引导词there开头的句子，须使用倒装结构，除therebe外还有therelive/stand/lie/exist等。例如：a.Therearethreebooksonthedesk．b.Therelivedanoldfishermannearthesea.c.Therestandsatallbuildinginthecentreofthetown,so,neither,nor表示前面所述一件事也适合另一个人或物时。so用于肯定句,neither/nor用于否定句。a.TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.b.Ifyoudon'tgo,neitherwillI,2)但如果上文所述两件事也适合另一个人或物，就用Soitis/waswithsb.或Itis/wasthesamewithsb.。MarxwasborninGermanyandGermanwashisnativelanguage.SoitwaswithEngels.注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定，意为“的确如此”时，不可用倒装结构。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.---It’sraininghard.---Soitis,4.介词短语做地点状语放在句首时a.Inthecottagelivesafamilyofsix.b.Nearthebridgewasanoldcottage.c.Infrontofthehousesatalittleboy,1.疑问句a.Haveyouseenthefilm?b.Whenarewegoingtodrinktoyourhappiness?注意：如疑问词在句中做主语，则用自然语序。c.Whoisyoursister?d.Whatisourwork?2.so/such...that的so/such位于句首时Soloudlydidthestudentsreadthatpeoplecouldhearthemoutinthestreet.b.Sosmallwerethewordsthathecouldhardlyseethem.c.Suchafamousmanishethateveryonewantstotakeaphotowithhim,3.否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，常见的有：innoway,notonly…butalso,never,little,rarely,seldom,hardly...When,nosooner…than,scarcely…when,innocase,notuntil(当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装)等。a.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.b.Hardly can I follow you.c.Seldom do I visit USA.d.NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance,注意：如否定词不在句首则不倒装。e.Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.f.Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep,4.由as引导的让步状语从句表语十as＋主语十系动词be；动词原形＋as＋主语十助动词。例如：Youngasheis,heknowssomeofthefamily.b.TryasImight,Icouldnotliftthestone.注意：当单数名词位于句首时，名词前无冠词。c.Childasheis,heknowsgoodEnglish,5.省略连词if的条件副词分句WereIyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.=IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.Wouldthemachinebreakdownagain,senditbacktous.=Ifthemachinewouldbreakdownagain,senditbacktous,6.有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子，也可使用倒装结构。a.Isn’titcold!天气真冷！b.Maybothbehappy!祝你们两位幸福！c.MayGodblessyou.愿上帝赐福于你。d.Longlivetheking!国王万岁！,Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.=Thestoryhetoldmewassuch.SuchwaswhatPeterspokeatthemeeting.=WhatPeterspokeatthemeetingwassuch.8.在“such+be+主语”的结构中,DiscoveringUsefulStructures,